Outside-In: The Role of Social Entrepreneurs in Public Sector Transformation

This policy paper explores the role of social entrepreneurs as “outside-in” actors in public sector transformation. It argues that, in a period of profound institutional transition, public systems need to learn not only from within formal structures but also from actors operating at their boundaries. The briefing examines how social entrepreneurs generate practice-based learning, test new approaches, and help public institutions adapt to complex challenges such as health inequalities, social fragmentation, and declining trust.

“The decisive governance question is not how tightly performance is controlled, but how deeply institutions are willing to learn from, and respond to, the knowledge generated beyond their boundaries.”

Mark Swift – Founder & CEO, Wellbeing Enterprises CIC

Public sector leaders should recognise, relate to, and resource social entrepreneurs as a vital source of outside-in system capacity. This means creating more porous institutional boundaries, investing in relational learning spaces, and reforming commissioning and governance so that practice-based learning can inform long-term system change.


Meet the author

Mark Swift

Mark Swift is a serial social entrepreneur who has championed community-centred approaches to health and wellbeing for more than two decades. As the Founder and CEO of Wellbeing Enterprises, he has built one of the UK’s leading organisations in this field, pioneering innovative models that empower people and communities to take charge of their own wellbeing.

A recognised thought leader and Ashoka Fellow, Mark’s work sits at the intersection of community power and system change – creating the conditions for citizens to lead, shape, and sustain thriving communities. He is also a Fellow of the Local Policy Innovation Partnership at City-REDI, University of Birmingham, and of the Heseltine Institute for Public Policy, Practice and Place at the University of Liverpool.

Find out more about Mark

Publications

Green and Pleasant Land? Rural Resilience in the Welsh Marches

Throughout 2026, the LPIP Hub at City-REDI, University of Birmingham is examining the resilience of the Welsh Marches, the historic and intensely rural places that have long formed the border between England and Wales. The project comprises this first report, examining what published data tell us about the readiness of

Development Corporations

This report provides a timely stocktake of how development corporations have been used across the UK, the emerging pipeline of new proposals, and the conditions likely to determine their future success. It reviews the experience of previous New Town Development Corporations, Urban Development Corporations and Mayoral Development Corporations, and considers

Building Civic Capability: A Life Course Framework for Place

Building Civic Capability: A Life Course Framework for Place argues that civic capability should be understood as strategic civic infrastructure rather than isolated participation initiatives. Drawing on theories of human development, democratic innovation, and public value, the paper introduces a practical life-course framework that helps places intentionally cultivate and accumulate