Outside-In: The Role of Social Entrepreneurs in Public Sector Transformation

This policy paper explores the role of social entrepreneurs as “outside-in” actors in public sector transformation. It argues that, in a period of profound institutional transition, public systems need to learn not only from within formal structures but also from actors operating at their boundaries. The briefing examines how social entrepreneurs generate practice-based learning, test new approaches, and help public institutions adapt to complex challenges such as health inequalities, social fragmentation, and declining trust.

“The decisive governance question is not how tightly performance is controlled, but how deeply institutions are willing to learn from, and respond to, the knowledge generated beyond their boundaries.”

Mark Swift – Founder & CEO, Wellbeing Enterprises CIC

Public sector leaders should recognise, relate to, and resource social entrepreneurs as a vital source of outside-in system capacity. This means creating more porous institutional boundaries, investing in relational learning spaces, and reforming commissioning and governance so that practice-based learning can inform long-term system change.


Meet the author

Mark Swift

Mark Swift is a serial social entrepreneur who has championed community-centred approaches to health and wellbeing for more than two decades. As the Founder and CEO of Wellbeing Enterprises, he has built one of the UK’s leading organisations in this field, pioneering innovative models that empower people and communities to take charge of their own wellbeing.

A recognised thought leader and Ashoka Fellow, Mark’s work sits at the intersection of community power and system change – creating the conditions for citizens to lead, shape, and sustain thriving communities. He is also a Fellow of the Local Policy Innovation Partnership at City-REDI, University of Birmingham, and of the Heseltine Institute for Public Policy, Practice and Place at the University of Liverpool.

Find out more about Mark

Publications

Building Intergovernmental Capability Through Secondments: Lessons From Japan for the UK

This policy briefing explores how England’s devolution reforms could work more effectively by using staff secondments as a core part of the delivery system. Drawing on lessons from Japan’s structured, legally grounded approach, it shows how predictable and reciprocal staff movement can strengthen local capability, improve coordination across government tiers,

Policy Fragmentation and Place-Based Opportunity in UK Fashion and Textiles

This report analyses the positioning of the UK fashion and textiles sector within national, devolved and local policy frameworks to assess its capacity to operate as a stable, place-based economic system that supports skills retention, inclusive growth and regional resilience. Using fashion and textiles as a case study for the

AI in Local Government: Adoption, Benefits and Challenges

This report provides a timely stocktake of how artificial intelligence is being adopted in local government, what benefits are emerging, and what barriers still limit its wider deployment. It draws on analysis of 101 published AI case studies and engagement with a wide range of stakeholders, from local and central

Skills for the Future: Demand for and Supply of High-Skilled Labour Across England

This study maps employer demand for higher-level qualifications (at Regulated Qualifications Framework (RQF) Level 4 and above), the supply of residents with these qualifications, and the resulting demand-supply gaps across England’s 38 Local Skills Improvement Plan (LSIP) areas (as defined in 2023). It combines online vacancy data and official labour